Cpi verbal escalation continuum - Unit 4:Verbal Escalation Intervention- Identify the components of the CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum? 1. QUESTIONING- info. seeking, challenging (redirect, give rational answers) 2. REFUSAL- non-compliance (Set Limits) 3. RELEASE- …

 
Classroom Culture Foster a positive culture and prevent the need for de-escalation interventions.; Hearts & Minds INSET Whole staff behaviour training to improve school culture settings.; Behaviour Health Check Onsite behaviour/environmental benchmarking review.; Verbal Intervention Verbally de‑escalate disruptive behaviours.; …. Centurylink return label

Study Flashcards On CPI at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Home ... The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum (Kite) 1. Questioning . 2. Refusal 3. Release 4. Intimidation 5. Tension Reduction. Kite - 1. Questioning . 1.Protestors say the police story doesn't add up. New court records continue to shed details on the shooting of Botham Jean, a 26-year-old black man living in Dallas, Texas, by a whi...Ever find yourself on the receiving end of verbal attack? Many people have loved ones who lash out in verbally Ever find yourself on the receiving end of verbal attack? Many people...Archer Aviation is seeking $1 billion in damages from Wisk Aero, according to court filings Tuesday, significantly escalating the ongoing legal battle between the two air taxi riva...Arguments are a part of most relationships, friendships, and workplaces. Humans are social creatures, and inev Arguments are a part of most relationships, friendships, and workplac...Verbal Escalation Continuum As the student starts to become agitated, he will exhibit behaviors that follow CPI’s Verbal Escalation Continuum (CPI 1995). These behaviors need to be recognized by the intervener so the intervener knows how to proceed. The intervener also has to beCPI Verbal Intervention™ incorporates trauma-informed and person-centred approaches. We recommend this training for professionals who work in environments that require them to manage and respond to escalating behaviour without using restrictive or physical intervention techniques. Participants will engage with seven modules, starting from ...Page 1. Release. Verbal and emotional outburst. ▫ Allow venting; remove the audience or the person.Protestors say the police story doesn't add up. New court records continue to shed details on the shooting of Botham Jean, a 26-year-old black man living in Dallas, Texas, by a whi...CPI. CPI Exam Questions and Answers CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum -Answer-1. Questioning 2. Refusal-set limits 3. Release (isolate/call aside/allow to vent) 4. Intimidation 5. Tension Reduction Keys to Setting limits -Answer-1.In this blog we’ll delve into CPI’s Crisis Development Model SM , a series of recognisable behaviour levels that occur in an escalating crisis, and the approaches staff can take at each of those levels to prevent or de-escalate the situation. Rather than seeing a crisis as an emergency, the Crisis Development Model helps first approach the ...The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in the prices paid for a market basket of goods and services. These items are purchased for consumption by the two groups covered by the index: All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, (CPI-W). Escalation agreements often use the CPI—the …Mar 15, 2020 · 6. Use silence. Ironically, allowing for silence is one of the most effective verbal intervention techniques. Silence on your part allows the person to restate and clarify their viewpoint. This can lead you to a clearer understanding of the true source of their conflict. 7. Watch your paraverbals. Two identical statements can have opposite ... 2nd Edition • ISBN: 9781464113079 David G Myers. 901 solutions. Find step-by-step Psychology solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: The verbal escalation continuum is an expansion of which behavior level of the crisis development model?. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like We can use strategies to reduce the likelihood of distress behavior, such as identifying situations that cause distress, reducing triggers, and helping the person develop coping strategies. What are these called?, All behavior is communication and distress behavior can be how a person … Verbal Escalation Continuum 2. Refusal: Noncompliance, slight loss of rationality Intervention Set limits 1. Simple 2. Enforceable 3. Reasonable 12/29/2015 18 Verbal Escalation Continuum 3. Release: Verbal acting out, emotional outbursts, loss of rationalization; blowing off steam, screaming, swearing, high-energy output. Intervention: Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like intimidation, Tension Reduction, release and more. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Module 2: The CPI Crisis Development ModelSM Identify behavior using the CPI Crisis Development ModelSM. Identify staff approaches effective in responding at each behavior level to prevent further escalation. Module 3: Integrated Experience Explore underlying causes of behavior; recognize the need to maintain consistent, calm behaviorAggressive behavior connotes using actual physical violence toward self, others, or property or making specific imminent verbal threats.1 In health care settings, approaches for actively aggressive patients have historically involved using either seclusion (involuntary placement of a patient in a locked room or area from which the patient is not allowed to leave) or restraints (involuntary ...The Verbal Escalation Continuum Defensive Tension Reduction Tension Reduction Decrease in physical and emotional energy. STAFF INTERVENTION Establish …Unit 4:Verbal Escalation Intervention- Identify the components of the CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum? 1. QUESTIONING- info. seeking, challenging (redirect, give rational answers) 2.What are the verbal escalation continuum? The steps of continuum for a hearing impaired individual are likely to be as follows: unresponsive, refusal ...DGAP-News: CPI PROPERTY GROUP / Key word(s): Takeover CPI PROPERTY GROUP - ANTICIPATORY MANDATORY TAKEOVER OFFER 24.02.2022 / ... DGAP-News: CPI PROPERTY GROUP / Key...The Verbal Escalation Continuum (VEC) CPI is a structured tool designed to assess and manage the verbal behavior of individuals in a crisis or conflict situation. It is based on the premise that verbal behavior escalates through predictable stages, and by identifying the stage, appropriate interventions can be implemented to de-escalate the ...Verbal Intervention Verbally de‑escalate disruptive behaviors. Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Recognize and respond to everyday crisis situations. NCI With Advanced Physical Skills Support people who demonstrate dangerous or complex behavior. Classroom Culture Foster a positive culture and prevent the need for de-escalation interventions.Identify defensive behaviors in crisis situations using the Verbal Escalation ContinuumSM. Use specific verbal patterns when de-escalating a crisis to develop a range of responses. Identify how to prepare for a difficult conversation. Participants will: • Identify different levels of defensive behavior in the Verbal Escalation Continuum SM.Verbal Escalation Continuum (CPI) 1. Questioning 2. Refusal 3. Release 4. Intimidation 5. Tension Reduction. ABC Method. A - Antecedent - Prior to or surrounding a behavior B - Behavior - Problem behavior C - Consequence - What follows the behavior. Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS)Verbal Intervention Verbally de‑escalate disruptive behaviors. Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Recognize and respond to everyday crisis situations. NCI With Advanced Physical Skills Support people who demonstrate dangerous or complex behavior. Classroom Culture Foster a positive culture and prevent the need for de-escalation …Course Description. The online experience introduces the basic concepts of Verbal Intervention™ Training using examples and scenarios most closely aligned with your work setting. Engaging video-based case scenarios present and explain the Crisis Development Model℠ and Verbal Escalation Continuum℠. Participants will learn how to dissect a ... As a result, the Nonverbal Escalation Continuum for persons with developmental handicaps and autism has been developed following a similar paradigm. The nonverbal person with autism is afflicted with a severe communication disorder, limiting both expressive and receptive communication skills. A difficulty comprehending verbal language and the ... Release. See full transcript. Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus…. Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus tips for teachers. W W W Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus tips…. W W Adam Somlai-Fischer. Economic analysis/exploration for Colombia. Economic analysis/exploration for Colombia. Slide 1 Instructor Options CPI eRefresher Series 2012 · Minimum Content: Pre -test ; course models... of 16 /16. Match case Limit results 1 per page.CPI Training for Schools. CPI is the leading provider of trauma-informed de-escalation training for educators and support staff. Implementing our evidence-based training school-wide yields positive, long-term results, including decreased challenging behaviour, higher academic success, and increased staff retention. Learn More.The verbal escalation continuum is an expansion of the defensive level of the crisis development model. There are four behavioral levels: anxiety; defensive; acting out; tension reduction; Step 2. 2 of 3. Defensive behavior is the level that occurs if anxiety is not diffused. Individuals at this level may start to, for example, pace nervously ...Feb 20, 2024 · CPI Online Training courses leverage 25+ years of experience in crisis intervention to deliver customized training focused on verbal de-escalation, behavior management, trauma-informed care ... The crisis development model addresses the various stages of physically acting out and the appropriate staff response, and the verbal escalation continuum …By end of Unit IV, participants will: • Identify different levels of defensive behavior in the Verbal Escalation ContinuumSM. • React to the verbally acting-out person with an appropriate verbal response to defuse the potential crisis situation. • Illustrate how inappropriate staff reactions may cause an escalation in behavior.Elements of successful deescalation. Respect personal space. Avoid provocation. Be Empathic and non-judgemental. Establish verbal contact Be concise in your language Identify wants and feelings Listen closely to patient’s words Find what you can agree on Give options, set limits Try to focus on future action, instead of past wrongs (we cannot ...Unit 4:Verbal Escalation Intervention- Identify the components of the CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum? 1. QUESTIONING- info. seeking, challenging (redirect, give rational answers) 2.Verbal Escalation Continuum 4. Intimidation: Individual is verbally and/or nonverbally threatening staff in some manner. Hands-on approach at this time may trigger physical …Release. See full transcript. Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus…. Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus tips for teachers. W W W Be there for your students: A step by step guide plus tips…. W W Adam Somlai-Fischer. Economic analysis/exploration for Colombia. Economic analysis/exploration for Colombia.Defensive Behaviors and the Verbal Escalation ContinuumS The CPI Crisis Development Moder xoegrated Experienc Verbal Escalation Continuunr Release Crisis Development/ Behavior Levels 1. Anxiety 2. Defensive 3. Risk Behavior 4. Tension Reduction Staff Attitudes/ Approaches 1. Supportive 2. Directive 3. Safety Interventions 4. Therapeutic …The verbal escalation continuum is an expansion of the Defensive behavior level.. This is based on the idea of Crisis Development Behavior Levels.(CDBL) The defensive level, one of the CDBL, is generally referred to as Level 2 in the Crisis Development Behavior Levels.. The defensive level is considered to be the early stage …Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) is the world’s leading provider of evidence-based de-escalation training. CPI programs equip staff with crisis intervention and de-escalation skills that reduce challenging behavior and help prevent future incidents. Over 17 million individuals are trained in CPI's de-escalation techniques and are making ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Verbal Escalation Continuum, Questioning, Refusal and more. Fresh features from the #1 AI-enhanced learning platform. Explore the lineupWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Terms in this set (21) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the purpose/philosophy of the Nonviolent Crisis Intervention program?, List the 4 crisis development/behavior levels and the corresponding staff attitudes/approaches., What is the value of learning the four crisis development/behaviors and ...Defensive Behaviors and the Verbal Escalation ContinuumS The CPI Crisis Development Moder xoegrated Experienc Verbal Escalation Continuunr Release Crisis Development/ Behavior Levels 1. Anxiety 2. Defensive 3. Risk Behavior 4. Tension Reduction Staff Attitudes/ Approaches 1. Supportive 2. Directive 3. Safety Interventions 4. Therapeutic Rapport Term. Intimidation. Definition. Individual is verbally and or non verbally threatening staff in some manner. Location. Therapeutic Rapport. Re-establish communication. Start studying Verbal Escalation Continuum. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The board alleged Disney made a “backroom deal” to retain control The Florida board handpicked by governor Ron DeSantis to exert control over Disney’s district has countersued the ...Quiz yourself with questions and answers for CPI nonviolent crisis intervention training test, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. ... Verbal escalation continuum. Don't know? 3 of 7. Term. Describe 3 reasons you should use the supportive ...CPI Training for Schools. CPI is the leading provider of trauma-informed de-escalation training for educators and support staff. Implementing our evidence-based training school-wide yields positive, long-term results, including decreased challenging behaviour, higher academic success, and increased staff retention. Learn More.The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum 4. Intimidation Interventions: Individual verbally and/or non-verbally threatens staff. A hands-on approach may trigger physical acting-out behaviour Seek assistance and wait for team to intervene Take threats seriouslyCPI Crisis Development Model/Verbal Escalation Continuum quiz for Professional Development. Find other quizzes for Professional Development and more on Quizizz for free! Skip to Content ... CPI Crisis Development Model/Verbal Escalation Continuum. Deleted User. 0 . plays. 18 questions.VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM. Materials adapted from: Crisis Prevention Institute, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Traininq Proqram www.crisisprevention.com.Apta cpi training answers .pdf 1 anxiety 2 defensive 3 acting out person 4 tension reduction click the card to flip 1 49 flashcards learn test match q chat created by dwakla11 students also viewed cpi training teacher 22 terms ... learn about crisis development model core values verbal escalation continuum and moreCPI Verbal Escalation Continuum. 1. Questioning 2. Refusal 3. Release 4. Intimidation 5. Tension Reduction. use nonviolent physical crisis intervention - when? last resort. this model used to guide staff through process of establishing therapeutic rapport and staff debriefing. CPI coping model.CPI training, or Crisis Prevention Intervention, is a program specifically created to aid individuals, parents, and families, with knowledge and skills to handle stressful situations involving their autistic children. Some of the critical elements include verbal de-escalation and physical interventions. Furthermore, these management …An overview of Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Verbal Intervention™ Training, providing workplaces worldwide with practical skills and verbal de-escalation …De-Escalation Tip of the Day: Set Limits. September 25, 2017. This summer, CPI celebrated the fine art (and science!) of setting limits, so today we're sharing all of our greatest hits and deep cuts from our Limit Setting Library*. CPI’s Pam Sikorski observes that, “Good limit setting is really an art, not a science. VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM Materials adapted from: Crisis Prevention Institute, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Traininq Proqram www.crisisprevention.com STUDENT ACTION STAFF INTERVENTION Questioning: 1. a. Info seeking (reasonable, rational) a. Answer question, set limits ifexcessive (student's stalling tactic) b. Redirect back to topic, avoid ... As I said last week, there are two types of acting out: 1) Physical and 2) Verbal. The crisis development model addresses the various stages of physically acting out and the appropriate staff response, and the verbal escalation continuum addresses the various stages of verbally acting out. Verbal acting out is much more common in schools, but ...restrictive intervention response. In fact, CPI training teaches the least restrictive forms of de-escalation to be used first. And that starts with verbal intervention. Your effective verbal response to noncompliant behavior is the key to avoiding physical confrontations with out-of-control patients.The verbal escalation continuum is an expansion of which behavior level of the crisis development model?Identify defensive behaviors in crisis situations using the Verbal Escalation ContinuumSM. Use specific verbal patterns when de-escalating a crisis to develop a range of responses. Identify how to prepare for a difficult conversation. Participants will: • Identify different levels of defensive behavior in the Verbal Escalation Continuum SM.... will learn how to respond to crisis situations with a focus on prevention, using verbal de-escalation skills and strategies where restraint is inappropriate.As I said last week, there are two types of acting out: 1) Physical and 2) Verbal. The crisis development model addresses the various stages of physically acting out and the appropriate staff response, and the verbal escalation continuum addresses the various stages of verbally acting out. Verbal acting out is much more common in schools, but ...Term. Intimidation. Definition. Individual is verbally and or non verbally threatening staff in some manner. Location. Therapeutic Rapport. Re-establish communication. Start studying Verbal Escalation Continuum. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Verbal Escalation Continuum - Tension Reduction. Decrease in physical and emotional energy. Intervention: Establish therapeutic rapport. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Integrated Experience, What are the Crisis Development/Behavior Levels, Crisis Development/Behavior Level - Anxiety and more.Identify defensive behaviors in crisis situations using the Verbal Escalation ContinuumSM. Use specific verbal patterns when de-escalating a crisis to develop a range of responses. Identify how to prepare for a difficult conversation. Participants will: • Identify different levels of defensive behavior in the Verbal Escalation Continuum SM.CPI will determine if the market is at a turning point or whether it will keep on trending higher. The consumer price index (CPI) report has been a key market catalyst for the last...Identify defensive behaviors in crisis situations using the Verbal Escalation ContinuumSM. Use specific verbal patterns when de-escalating a crisis to develop a range of responses. Identify how to prepare for a difficult conversation. Participants will: • Identify different levels of defensive behavior in the Verbal Escalation Continuum SM.Note: Issues of verbal control can exist in any relationship, heterosexual, gay or lesbian, male towards a fem Note: Issues of verbal control can exist in any relationship, heteros...A fascinating article that explains the techniques and science behind verbal self-defense! Advertisement Lots of people think verbal self-defense means fighting back. Their image o...Participants will be able to identify: Levels of escalating behavior and apply appropriate intervention approaches aligned with the Crisis Development Model; Each level of the CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum and recommended staff responses for each level; Examples of varied nonverbal communication.Aug 31, 2022 · An overview of Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Verbal Intervention™ Training, providing workplaces worldwide with practical skills and verbal de-escalation... Aggressive behavior connotes using actual physical violence toward self, others, or property or making specific imminent verbal threats.1 In health care settings, approaches for actively aggressive patients have historically involved using either seclusion (involuntary placement of a patient in a locked room or area from which the patient is not allowed to leave) or …Pointing, staring, crying, Release, refusal, intimidation (all of the above) Identify behaviors that are often associated with Tension Reduction in the CPI Crisis. Development Model. Sleep, quiet, crying, apologetic, embarrassed, shutdown, willing to discuss core issue, go back to routine, move forward. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like intimidation, Tension Reduction, release and more. CPI Certification Test. 49 terms. Dwakla11. ... The verbal escalation continuum is an expansion of which behavior level of the crisis development model? Defensive. Failure to recognize the need to adapt standard techniques to the specialized needs of the hearing impaired may cause needless escalation of crisis situations. The steps of …Terms in this set (21) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the purpose/philosophy of the Nonviolent Crisis Intervention program?, List the 4 crisis development/behavior levels and the corresponding staff attitudes/approaches., What is the value of learning the four crisis development/behaviors and ... What are some factors that should be considered when deciding to use physical intervention? 1. Should only be used as a last resort. 2. The intervention must be reasonable. 3. The intervention must be appropriate to the situation. 4. The intervention must be the least restrictive. Verbal Escalation Continuum 2. Refusal: Noncompliance, slight loss of rationality Intervention Set limits 1. Simple 2. Enforceable 3. Reasonable 12/29/2015 18 Verbal Escalation Continuum 3. Release: Verbal acting out, emotional outbursts, loss of rationalization; blowing off steam, screaming, swearing, high-energy output. Intervention: Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the philosophy/purpose of the Nonviolent Crisis Intervention training program?, Complete the CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum using these terms-, When do you use Nonviolent Physical Crisis Intervention? and more.Start studying CPI: Non-violent Crisis Intervention. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, ... 3 types of non-verbal communication. proxemics kinesics haptics. reasons to use the supportive stance. safety ... verbal escalation continuum. questioning refusal release intimidate tension reduction. 3 ways to set limits. simple/clear(RTTNews) - CPI Aerostructures, Inc. (CVU) Tuesday announced that it has been awarded a five-year, indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (IDIQ) ... (RTTNews) - CPI Aerostructures...The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum 3. Release 2. Refusal Defensive 1. Questioning 3. Release: Venting, letting off steam Interventions Allow them to vent and listen to what they have to say. The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum 3. Release 4. Intimidation 2. Refusal Defensive 1. Questioning 4.Release Verbal and emotional outburst; loss of rationalization; letting off steam; screaming, swearing, high-energy output. Tension Reduction Decrease in physical and emotional energy. Intervention Establish therapeutic rapport. Re …

A Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI)-trained educator explains why de-escalation is an essential part of CPI training. While CPI trains a variety of intervent.... Pf2e automatic bonus progression

cpi verbal escalation continuum

Steve Martin & Alison Grimley – Examining the Verbal Escalation continuum from the perspective of a non-Verbal or Deaf individual 3.15pm - Keynote 2 - James Mannion – People-powered innovation: The art and science of implementing lasting, positive changeNew figures boost arguments that elevated consumer prices are transitory The US inflation rate has fallen for the last two months and in August reached its lowest level since Janua...CPI FINAL. Flashcards. Learn. ... Verbal Escalation Continuum. describe three reasons you should use the supportive stance. 1. communicate respect 2. appears nonthreatening 3. maximizes safety. List two ways the Decision-Making Matrix model is used to consider risk. likelihood and severity.Microsoft Word - Behavioural Escalation Continuum Model AF 2010.doc. BEHAVIOURAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM MODEL: RESPONDING TO PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA. Behaviour LeveL. Staff Approach. When you see Anxiety. Defined as a change or increase in behavior: Restless, pacing, rocking, withdrawal, fidgeting Staff seeking, repetitive requests.CPI Jeopardy! 25 questions / Personal Safety Non-verbal Behavior Crisis Development Model Verbal Escalation Continuum Miscellaneous. Play Edit Print. 2019-06-12. ... 25 questions / Match Game Non-verbal Behavior Crisis Development Model Verbal Escalation Continuum Miscellaneous. Play Edit Print. 2014-02-20.6. Use silence. Ironically, allowing for silence is one of the most effective verbal intervention techniques. Silence on your part allows the person to restate and clarify their viewpoint. This can lead you to a clearer understanding of the true source of their conflict. 7. Watch your paraverbals. Two identical statements can have opposite ...Unit 4 VERBAL COMMUNICATION The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum 2. Refusal Non-compliance, slight loss of rationality Some interesting ideas from Haim Ginott Haim Ginott argued that you can quite easily give a child compassionate emotional support and firm boundaries at the same time. He believed that you could set firm limits on their behaviour,Course Description. The online experience introduces the basic concepts of Verbal Intervention™ Training using examples and scenarios most closely aligned with your work setting. Engaging video-based case scenarios present and explain the Crisis Development Model℠ and Verbal Escalation Continuum℠. Participants will learn how to dissect a ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like We can use strategies to reduce the likelihood of distress behavior, such as identifying situations that cause distress, reducing triggers, and helping the person develop coping strategies. What are these called?, All behavior is communication and distress behavior can be how a person …These techniques can involve supportive (often referred to as nonconfrontational) language and other verbal de-escalation techniques, cognitive behavioral techniques, …CPI’S TOP 10 DE-ESCALATION TIPS 4 TIP 3 USE NONTHREATENING NONVERBALS. The more a person loses control, the less they hear your words—and the more they react to your nonverbal communication. Be mindful of your gestures, facial expressions, movements, and tone of voice. Keeping your tone and body language neutral will go a long way towardCPI Crisis Development Model/Verbal Escalation Continuum quiz for Professional Development. Find other quizzes for Professional Development and more on Quizizz for free!The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in the prices paid for a market basket of goods and services. These items are purchased for consumption by the two groups covered by the index: All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, (CPI-W). Escalation agreements often use the CPI—the …Natural skill at verbal de-escalation exists on a continuum. However, almost anyone can learn de-escalation techniques and use them successfully if he is well trained and adopts a certain skill set. The most essential skill is a good attitude, starting with positive regard for the patient and the capacity for empathy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum, Keys to Setting limits, Verbal intervention tips (Dos) and more. .

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